Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Statement of Purpose to Work in Petroleum Engineering or Law

Allowing personal interests and abilities to lead myself down the right path for choosing a sound career inspired me to find out more about Petroleum Engineering and a career as a lawyer. Because these careers have good reviews from the sources that I have been exposed to, I was interested in these topics long before researching their prerequisites. Both petroleum engineers and lawyers have well-paid jobs with flexibility in specialties and widespread availability. They are also practical careers that contribute to society in positive ways, which really drew me in. Lawyers are commonly known to work in courtrooms and meet with defendants while engineers are generally known to use math computations and science skills to solve problems, which attracted my attention since I am prepared to go into a degree concerning with math or science. Petroleum engineers are dedicated workers that must solve day to day complications in offices and oil rigs. Lawyers are depended on to work outside of the office, at home, in order to fix citizen, business, or legal problems. They must both be able to communicate effectively and work efficiently in order to get their jobs done which several surveys I took told me I would be skillfully equipped for. Both of these careers are only followed through after college because without studying the field of work, the job would be much too difficult. They are both great careers, so choosing only one to follow after college is difficult. Looking at the jobShow MoreRelatedLab Report Analysis1497 Words   |  6 Pagesincludes Electrical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, and Petroleum Engineering. â€Å"Electrical Filters,† (Electrical), written by Joe Schmoe, is a lab report made by a student at a university. The College Board produced an environmental lab report named, â€Å"Monitoring Air Quality,† (Air), for the purpose of student education as a lab template. Monitoring Air Quality was written by Dr. Angela C. Morrow who graduated from the University of Northern Colorado. Within the Energy Engineering field, I foundRead MoreCase Analysis Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd Essay2198 Words   |  9 Pagesvehicles, worked during the time they set out, were paid by the amount of timber delivered and did not deduct income tax installments2. Both employees owned and used their own equipment and vehicles, were never guaranteed work from the Sawmill3 and were free to seek other work if factors su ch as the weather prevented them from working4. Issue 1. To establish whether Gray and Stevens were employees or independent contractors while employed by Sawmilling Co. Rationale Decidendi The legalRead MoreCase Study : Virgin Atlantic Airways1538 Words   |  7 Pagesprices, and the influence the recession has had on the airlines. 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With cases like Satyam coming up, the statutory requirement by SEBI has made it compulsory to abide by the Clause 49 of the Listings Agreement. Apart from this the ISO certification has made a few requirements in the audit work to maintain effective audit wok and processes. The implementation of the ONGC Audit Manual and the ISO has brought about a nuber of changes in the audit setup and procedures in the organisation. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Hip Hop Effects free essay sample

Term Paper leaver Sanchez HIP-HOPs Media Effects Music. What do you think of when you think of music? Do you think of your favorite singer/ band, or maybe your favorite song at the time; but how often do you think about how that one song, or artist(s) have affected your life, your outlook on politics, society, way of living or way of seeing things In general? Not often enough would be a safe bet to say. As most of us miss the true meaning, the signs In between the lyrics, to go deeper to what the songwriter was proposing.We lack to see the usages of mound and timing to help convey the forms of media effects such as Distribution and Stereotyping. Music is among the oldest forms of delivering messages from generation to generation, and even changing from region or culture. Focusing on a certain genera of music, Rap/ Hip-hop music has changed drastically throughout the years, and from its origins. It has become a staple in todays society, a part of life, an influential part of todays movies, fashion, cars, and vernacular among others.Hip- hop music was a branch of music that started in the urban inner cities, as poetic individuals began to talk in rhythm, and rhyme. It was something to do that helped pass the time. It became a form of music that evolved from Blues, to its own, and after several years has created its own sub-genres. This form of media has served as a method of entertainment to a huge audience, while in another context has served as a form of political standpoints, pop culture events, stories from the artist past, and in rare occasions has served in criminal investigations.Rap music has helped defined a new wave of culture for our generation, among those to come, setting up how we dress, talk and even interact with each other today. Artist end up becoming the voice f a group, or region in any genre, whats to stop rappers from being the same. Being the same guys and girls that you use to see working at the store down the street, dealing with the same struggles as you did; artist help in developing a standpoint on Issues In society, depending on the artist, It could range from a local Issue In the community to a nationwide, or worldwide dilemma.As described, music has been the outlet for many young creative minds to express the way they feel, whether that be towards the girl down the street, or towards an Injustice that has happen In our community. Behind every beautiful thing, theres some kind of pain. Salad Bob Dylan, a great blues singer, who Is well known for his beautiful music but also for his political songs such as Times are a changing, Only pawn In the game, and ; Hurricane among others. Just Like Mr.. Dylan music theres pain hidden behind It, a tragedy or disturbance that caused the inspiration of this song. While we might not but secondly in informing the public, along with being a watchdog for the government, among society in its own. One of the primary effects that music in general and Hip-hop falls underneath is that of Distribution. Which is the act of becoming more willing to engage in a behavior as a result to exposure to media content about such behavior. Lope Fiasco, if he doesnt ring a bell, he will. Lope Fiasco is a Chicago based rapper, that has made a name for himself in the music scene, since the early sasss. Nile yes he is a musician, Just as other greats, Mr.. Fiasco is also an activist, as greatly represented within his catalog of music. While we do not give enough credit to musicians as we should in a political forum. That should be taken into reconsideration. Lope Fiasco has written countless of songs aimed at the government ND there form of conducting service. The Words I Never Said is known not for its musical value, but rather for its heavy hitting political lyrics. Talking about subjects such as the bombing on Gaza, the undercut budgets for school programs, corporate bailouts, along with the criticism of the reporting of the news.If we look back further in the timeline of the Hip-hop scene, youll see artist such as Grandmaster Flash and the furious five, who released a song called The Message in 1982, which was the start of this sub-genre of Hip-hop. The Message inspired many young rappers to address social issues, and political subjects. This song inspired a group known as Public Enemy, who started up in 1982. Most of us might know public enemy not for their politically charged lyrics and criticism of the American media, but rather for their ironically famous hype-man (Flavor Flag).While this might take away some creditability from the rap group it doesnt change the active interest they had with the concerns and frustrations of the African-American community. Known for songs such as 91 1 is a Joke that claimed emergency response units took too long to arrive at emergencies in black communities compared to those in white communities. Another popular song from the golden age of hip-hop is Fight the power which is best known for the appearance in Do the right thing, one of Spike Lees films, has become a staple in the political and general hip-hop community.Political and Conscious Hip-hop shows the effect of Distribution, as it tea ches our [Out to be more aware, and conscious about their political officials among other forms of government. Who can voice their opinions, and speak up on injustices that are being performed within our communities. As if no one is to speak up, or bring to light things we are allowing the act to continue. Which in the end opens us up to a more active and engaged society. Such as in the song Cant Truss it which focused upon the history of Slavery, and how the African-American community could fight back against oppression.The song addressed how the urban culture was using a derogatory term in a different context, as to derive it from its meaning. While most of AS have heard the N-word in uncensored songs, and have rapped along to it in the privacy of our homes, or cars, we forget the meaning the true sense of the creation of the term. The song states l dont wand be called you N***a showing how the Change of context for a certain verbiage doesnt take away its meaning. Another example of distribution in music is that of Pitch Bad by Lope Fiasco, which tackles endearment.In the song, Fiasco also goes to show how the word effects society, our Children, and creates this Madonna-where complex. Another theory that is in grained into the political, or conscious hip-hop scene is that of stereotyping. Which is the tendency to allow a single image to represent a large class of objects or events. Primarily looking at Women in the media and the effects of these images on the audience (Barlow 2009). Referencing Lupuss Pitch dad he helps break down the stigma of women being seen in the light of pitches, sexual objects and actually being valued for their contribution in society.While theres also the other portion of the spectrum in which women are highly viewed and criticized for there looks more than their intellectual awareness. These views ranging from the mainstream portion of the genre, and even reinforced by other female artist. Nick Minas shows that hard work and dedication can get you to were your dreams are, but in her songs with other artist, she seems to draw back upon the taiga that was that of Ill Skims, being that sex sells.Knowing if you act a certain way, or say certain things, you could end up selling millions. Women end up becoming objectified in the genre, being called pitches dimes big booty hoe Just being some examples of the vernacular used within song lyrics. 2 chains being one of those that reinforces the stigma with songs such as l Love deem stripers and Birthday song claiming that all he wants for his birthday is a big booty hoe currently #53 on billboards Hot 100. Showing that this what society looks for, and well thats what is even to them.While not all hope is lost, there is still exceptional artist out there that help show that stigmas are Just stigmas; such artist as Kid Cud, at mosphere, Murmurs, rally Kali, Common and Missy Elliott to name a few. Leading to songs that provide that of a deeper meaning within the lyrics, raising a question against that of the status quo, bringing to light issues (whether local, national, or even worldwide) and shutting down all barriers. Artist such as Taliban Kali and Common are well known for their well-versed lyrics, and standpoints on todays youth.While people such as Atmosphere bring you deep lyrics that put your mind to think and question topics that we would otherwise see as normal. Kid Cud and Murmurs are another two that bring a different style to the table, showing that rap doesnt Just have to be about killing, drugs, or women, it can Just simply be what it use to be, a way to convey a story from one person to another. Then you got Missy Elliott, whos recording career has been phenomenal, a empowering women that shows girls that its alright to be smart, talented, and confident.The reason I bring these musicians up is for the impel fact that they help break the stereotype of musicians , and that of the hip-hop culture. Where most of us associate the genre with drugs, defacing of women, gangs, along with the bragging of cars, and moneys. As opposed to what is being played on the radio and other mainstream outlets today, speaking about how sexually suggestive lyrics have become a norm in todays music play, among with the prior topics discussed There are many explanations for this form of entertainment, ranging from the mainstream music that has shown is the media.In the form of Marxism controls the medium, therefore decides what gets played and what gets canned. Nile there is still plenty of other outlets that will provide the sub-genre that helps expand your mind and open you to a public forum that questions our governments order to get the point across. Political/ Conscious rap has more than Just been Just a form of entertainment; it has also helped crush plenty of walls and barriers down that use to separate our society, and proven many of stereotypes wrong.While there are still not many of women in this form of media, it is rapidly increasing to show that nothing is off limits, being a prime example upon how the stereotype of music being an-only club is slowly derailing and becoming a mixing bowl of creative mind, that have a story to share. As most of us miss the true meaning, the signs in between the lyrics, to go deeper to what the songwriter was proposing. We now see some of the Nays that music affects us in our everyday lives.

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

The Effect Of Media Images Essay Research free essay sample

The Effect Of Media Images Essay, Research Paper It was stylish to be fat throughout most of history. Obesity was attractive because it was considered to be a mark of wealth. Those who could obtain plenty nutrient to maintain themselves and their household good fed were people with money. In the past century, nevertheless, nutrient has been abundant in most of the developed states, and tenuity has become stylish. Eating upsets have increased significantly over the past 30 old ages. The two most common feeding upsets include anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is a disease in which adult females go really self-aware about their weight and have an intense fright of going fat. They go to such extremes as hungering themselves in order to maintain thin, and some use extra methods such as emesis, taking inordinate sums of laxatives, or exerting abundantly. Bulimia nervosa on the other manus is an eating upset in which the patient eats big sums of nutrient in a short period of clip, besides known as orgy feeding. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect Of Media Images Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another symptom of binge-eating syndrome is fring oneself of nutrient through emesis, utilizing laxatives, or over-exercising, normally known as purge. Womans with anorexia nervosa or binge-eating syndrome frequently experience weariness and decreased energy, concerns, personality alterations, and abdominal hurting. If an feeding upset is left untreated, it can take to serious wellness harm, even decease. These eating upsets are normally brought on because a miss is unsated with her ain organic structure image. Oftentimes she feels out of control, and curtailing her consumption of nutrient is one manner to recover control. The patient has a sense of power over nutrient, and this makes her experience more unafraid about everything else traveling on in her life. Many times, misss with low self-prides are the victims of eating upsets because they frequently seek blessing from their equals. By being dilutant, they believe that they will go more desirable. Surveies have shown that the bu lk of adult females with feeding upsets are striplings. What makes a immature adult female associate tenuity with beauty? Many are now get downing to believe that the media has much to make with how adult females view themselves. Young adult females see thin theoretical accounts and actresses in magazines, advertizements, and telecasting shows. The media have portrayed the successful and beautiful supporters as thin. They have promoted the image of tenuity through popular programming.. Thinness has therefore become associated with ego control and success. The mean American adult female s organic structure weight has increased over the past 30 old ages, yet the theoretical accounts that represent American adult females have become increasin gly dilutant. The media s portraiture of happy, successful adult females being highly thin makes a immense impact on adult females s perceptual experience of beauty. When misss begin to compare themselves to the celebrated and thin adult females they see on telecasting, or in magazines, they equate thinness with beauty, and many strive to go beautiful. An addition in the figure of diet and wellness articles and advertizements had besides risen along with the figure of eating upsets. Articles on weight loss can be found in about every issue of adult females s magazines, and new # 8220 ; miracle # 8221 ; diet books are invariably being published. Many of these diets are unhealthy, and some are even unsafe. Weight loss advertizements are found in about every type of media, and adult females are invariably obssessed with the subject of weight. Many immature adult female can overlook the watercourse of tenuity and diet propaganda that they encounter, but an increasing figure of adult females are non so lucky. As the media puts more and more accent on tenuity, more adult females go disgruntled with their ain organic structures. Some may reason that the media has nil to make with a adult female s perceptual experience of herself. They believe that adult females want to look at people more beautiful than themselves, and that thin theoretical accounts inspire people to take better attention of their ain organic structures. But researches suggest that exposure to thin theoretical accounts resulted in lower self-pride and reduced weight satisfaction. Surveies prove that the media does straight associate to and impact a adult female s organic structure image and self-pride, which is straight related to eating upsets. There are ways that adult females can get the better of societal force per unit areas about weight and visual aspect. One manner to acknowledge stereotyping in the media and to appreciate and esteem individuals of all sizes. The media frequently portrays corpulent people as amusing or stupid and they are often shown eating big sums of nutrient. Thin people, on the other manus, are portrayed as smart and successful. Admiting stereotyping will assist to esteem people of all sizes, and to accept all sizes as equal. Women besides need to larn to reject negative messages from the media and to accept themselves as they are. When adult females stop mensurating themselves against the about impossible criterions that the media have set, and larn to wish themselves, they will go happy with themselves and will non worry about their weight or visual aspect. One needs to happen comfort in activities, people, or ends instead than nutrient or visual aspect. When a adult female learns how to love an d care for herself right, she will be content with her visual aspect even if she is non what the media would portray as the # 8220 ; ideal # 8221 ; adult female.

Thursday, March 12, 2020

Like Serves Nouns and Pronouns, Not Verbs

Like Serves Nouns and Pronouns, Not Verbs â€Å"Like† Serves Nouns and Pronouns, Not Verbs â€Å"Like† Serves Nouns and Pronouns, Not Verbs By Daniel Scocco Like is associated with various uncouth usages â€Å"They were, like, all over the place†; â€Å"I was, like, ‘Really?’† common in speech but easily avoided (except for comic effect) in writing, but many people are unaware that another widespread usage is considered improper in formal writing. As a preposition meaning â€Å"similar to,† like is associated with nouns (â€Å"She entered the room like an empress†) and pronouns (â€Å"I don’t know anyone like him†). However, when the word connects one clause (a segment of a sentence that includes a subject and a verb) to another, it impersonates a conjunction: â€Å"He started dancing like his pants were on fire†; â€Å"I arranged the furniture like it had appeared before.† Note, though, that this usage, though ubiquitous in conversation and in informal writing, is not considered acceptable in formal writing; like should be replaced, respectively, by â€Å"as if† (He started dancing as if his pants were on fire†) or as: (â€Å"I arranged the furniture as it had appeared before†). Replacing as with â€Å"the way† is also acceptable: â€Å"I arranged the furniture the way it had appeared before.† (But beware of hypercorrection; as is erroneous when, with the same intent, it precedes a noun: â€Å"She entered the room as an empress† means that the subject literally became, rather than merely resembled, royalty. But â€Å"She entered the room as an empress would† is correct, because the emphasis is then on the subject’s action, not on the type of person the subject is compared to.) In the case of a sentence such as â€Å"Like many first-time visitors do, I stared, dumbstruck, at the vista before me,† either change like to as (â€Å"As many first-time visitors do, I stared, dumbstruck, at the vista before me†) or delete the verb at the end of the introductory phrase (â€Å"Like many first-time visitors, I stared, dumbstruck, at the vista before me†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers50 Idioms About Fruits and VegetablesAppropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Headspace Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Headspace Analysis - Essay Example This technique has been used to identify spoiled food, fragrances from botanical material, the determination of plasticizers in plastics and for forensic samples involving arson snuff. Its main component, nicotine is habit forming and other compounds produced by pyrolysis during smoking are carcinogenic and can cause a number of other health problems. Tobacco is an extremely valuable export in the United States despite the health concern, and its quality is carefully monitored. Tobacco can be flue cured, air cured, fire cured or sun cured, but the quality of the product can often be monitored by analyzing the vapors in the head space above the tobacco. The head space over tobacco can be sampled and analyzed using a Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) technique. Diesel is similar in chemical composition to kerosene and heating oil in that it is composed of aliphatic hydrocarbons that are obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. Diesel has a higher boiling point fraction and the distillation range is greater than that of kerosene and heating oil being composed of essentially C10 to C25 aliphatic hydrocarbons. The use of these extremely sensitive laboratory techniques must be made carefully because of the consequence of obtaining a false positive result. The possibility of the accidental contamination of a sample through poor sampling and laboratory techniques needs to be minimized. The research has shown the sample containers can be cleaned before use and should be sealed before transport to the fire scene. Samples should then be delivered to the laboratory and analysed promptly. The laboratory equipment should be cleaned before use and blank samples analysed regularly to check for any possible contamination. The extraction equipment can be cleaned by washing with acetone and heating the gas transfer lines with a Bunsen burner. The interpretation of the chromatograms must be made carefully using a library of chromatograms composed of the common accelerants, industrial solvents, common household materials, The analysis of numerous burnt synthetic materials was found to be distinct from the common accelerants. The common accelerants were found to change during evaporation making it sometimes difficult to distinguish between those composed entirely of entirely of an aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction. Ethanol could not be detected in fire debris using charcoal absorption extraction techniques and alternative analytical techniques were needed. The background level of accelerants in the environment is dependent of the history of the sample material. Traces of petrol and aliphatic hydrocarbons were found in soil from a motor wrecking yard, however, no traces were found in numerous car flooring materials indicating none would be expected from a domestic environment. Gas odourants could also be detected using the same equipment as that used for fie debris analysis which would assist the investigation of suspected gas explosions. References: 1. Evans, J.S. "Arson in Australia. Dimensions of the Problem and

Saturday, February 8, 2020

Art and design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art and design - Essay Example The Harlem renaissance art borrowed heavily from post impressionism. The African American community came to understand that it was their time to flourish as human beings. This is usually referred to as the period of enlightenment for the African American artists and the people. This essay seeks to discuss the Harlem renaissance basing on the two prominent figures, Richmond Barthe and Aaron Douglas. It compares and contrasts their early life, their education and their contribution in the Harlem renaissance. Richmond Barthe was born in bay St Louis, Mississippi. This was on January 28, 1901. His father was sr. Richmond Barthe and his mother Marie clementine Robateau. His mother sewed to support the family and his father died when he was only a year old. His mother later remarried to Barthe’s godfather, William franklin. William had no stable job and he worked odd jobs to sustain the family. This included being the icemen to the local community. Interestingly, Barthe’s interest in art developed at a very tender age. Barthe himself mentions that his mother would keep him calm through giving him a piece of paper to draw on. This would allow the mother enough time to run the house errands (Schulman & Peter, 2009 p123). At the age of six years, Barthe began to paint after the master the mum sewed for gave him a set of water colors. At this age, Barthe could draw well. When Barthe was a teenager, his art was overdeveloped for his age. Most of his paintings captured his father’s ice customers and his mother’s sewing customers. Luckily as he helped his father in delivering ice during the summer, one of the customers noticed the hardship and helped him get a job in New Orleans (Black, 2009 p234). This family encouraged his art and as he worked as a houseboy, Barthe furthered his talent in art. It was around this time that Barthe met Lyle Saxon. This was a writer for the New

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Vowels Case Essay Example for Free

Vowels Case Essay Speech sounds can be classified and described in articulatory, acoustic and auditory terms. On the basis of these terms the two broad categories in which the speech sounds in any language can be classified are vowels and consonants. Consonants are best described in articulatory terms because there is some type of closure or narrowing of the air passage to the extent that there is audible friction during the production of that sound. But in case of the production of vowels as there is no closure and no narrowing of the air passage to the extent that it may produce audible friction both articulatory and auditory terms are used to describe and classify them. In Phonetic terms vowels are speech sounds in the production of which there is no obstruction or closure and no narrowing of a degree that would cause audible friction in the pharynx and the mouth. Vowels are essentially a tone issuing from the glotis with the vocal chords vibrating. Classification and description of vowels becomes difficult due to the fact that the distinction of one vowel from another arises because of the modification in the shape and size of the resonating chambers, that is the pharyngeal cavity, nasal cavity and the mouth. Soft Palate, the lips and the tongue are responsible for this modification. Thus, just as any description of consonant sounds should reveal the position of vocal cords, place of articulation and manner of articulation, similarly any description of vowel sounds describe: 1. the position of the soft palate – raised (oral) or lowered (nasalized). 2. The shape of the lips –1 i. Unrounded spread, neutral, open ii. Rounded – open and close 3. The shape of the tongue i. which part of the tongue is raised – front, central and back. ii. How high is the part of the tongue is raised – close, half close, half open and open. The position of the soft palate is judged by auditory perception. The shape of the lips can be observed by the eye and therefore described in articulatory terms. But the shape and position of the tongue changes so minutely that it is very difficult to feel these changes. So most of the positions of the tongue are judged by auditory perception only. Cardinal Vowels: Thus it is clear that a finer and more independent system of description is needed on the auditory and articulatory levels. The most satisfactory scheme was devised by Daniel Jones and is known as the Cardinal Vowel system. The basis of the system is physiological. The vowel sounds were produced with the tongue in certain easily felt position. The front of the tongue was raised as close as possible to the palate without causing friction and the sound produced was that of the cardinal vowel [ i ]. Starting from the [ i ] , the front of the tongue was lowered gradually, the lips remained in the spread or the open position and the soft palate was in raised position. The lowering of the tongue was halted at three points at which the vowel qualities seemed to be equi-distant from the auditory point of view. These three tongue positions were x-rayed and it was found that these three points were almost equi-distant from a spatial point of view. The symbols assigned to these three positions were [ e, Æ  , a ]. The same procedure was applied to the vowels which are produced by raising the back of the tongue. The sound produced when the whole of the tongue was as low as possible with a slight raising at the back of the tongue was termed as the cardinal vowel [ ]. The lips were changed progressively from a wide open shape to closely rounded one and the soft palate remained in the raised position. Once again three auditorily and spatially equi-distant points were found. These points were were assigned the symbols – [ , o, u ]. Thus a scale of eight primary cardinal vowels was set up. They were denoted by the following numbers and symbols: 1, [ i ] ; 2, [e] ; 3, [Æ ] ; 4, [a] ; 5, [ ] ; 6, [ ] ; 7, [o] ; 8, [u]. The usefulness of Cardinal Vowels Such a scale is useful because: a. these cardinal vowel sounds are unrelated to particular values in languages, though they may occur in various languages, and b. the set of cardinal vowels is recorded so that reference may always be made to a standard. A vowel sound may be described as being similar to a particular cardinal vowel. These cardinal vowels can be represented diagrammatically. A vowel diagram is obtained by plotting the highest point of tongue raising for each of the primary cardinal vowels and joining the points together. The internal triangle, corresponding to the region of central vowel sounds, is made by dividing the top line into three approximately equal sections and drawing lines parallel to the two sides so that they meet near the base of the figure. C [ i ] C [u] C [ e ] C [ o ] C [ Æ  ]C [ ] C [ a ]C [ ] Monophthongs and Diphthongs There are twenty vowel sounds in RP. These vowel sounds can be divided into two types – monophthongs and diphthongs – on the basis of whether the quality the vowel sound changes during their production or not. Vowel sounds, during the production of which there is no considerable and voluntary change in the quality of the sound are called monophthongs or pure vowels. For example, the vowel sound / I / in ‘pin’. They are represented by thick dots in the vowel diagram. There are 12 monophthongs in RP. Similarly, vowel sound, during the production of which there is considerable and voluntary change in the quality of the sound is called diphthongs or gliding vowel. For example the / aI / sound in ‘pine’. (Explain). They are represented by arrows in the vowel diagram indicating the starting point and the direction in which the quality change, corresponding to the movement of the tongue, is made. There are 8 diphthongs in RP. It should be noted that a diphthong is not the same thing as a sequence of two monophthongs. The diphthong occupies one syllable while a sequence of two monophthongs is spread over two syllables. Example: soil, sawing. During the description of a diphthong we have to describe the lip position and the tongue position at the starting point and the lip position and the tongue position after it has glided in a particular direction.